ainfo

Finding the right puppy, or the puppy that the whole
family can agree on can be a daunting task. I hope our
information on this page will help.

'JUST A DOG'
From time to time, people tell me, 'lighten up, it's just a dog,' or 'that's a lot of money for just a dog.'
They don't understand the distance traveled, the time spent, or the costs involved for 'just a dog.'
Some of my proudest moments have come about with 'just a dog.'
Many hours have passed and my only company was 'just a dog,' but I did not once feel slighted.
Some of my saddest moments have been brought about by 'just a dog,'
and in those days of darkness, the gentle touch of 'just a dog' gave me comfort and reason to overcome the day.
If you, too, think it's 'just a dog,' then you will probably understand phrases like 'just a friend,' 'just a sunrise,' or 'just a promise.'
'Just a dog' brings into my life the very essence of friendship, trust, and pure unbridled joy.
'Just a dog' brings out the compassion and patience that make me a better person.
Because of 'just a dog' I will rise early, take long walks and look longingly to the future.
So for me and folks like me, it's not 'just a dog' but an embodiment of all the hopes and dreams of the future,
the fond memories of the past, and the pure joy of the moment.
'Just a dog' brings out what's good in me and diverts my thoughts away from myself and the worries of the day.
I hope that someday they can understand that it's not 'just a dog' but the thing that gives me humanity and keeps me from being 'just a woman.'
So the next time you hear the phrase 'just a dog,' just smile, because they 'just don't understand.'

(I do not know who wrote this, but many people have emailed me to say they really could relate!)

BOY OR GIRL?
The majority of people looking for a new puppy ask if we have females. A few want only male, and some are fine with either sex. I have also had
people come to see the girls and go home with a male that just stole their heart! (The following discussion about gender is assuming that the puppy is
spade or neutered which is a procedure that we highly recommend for your puppy around the age of 4 months!)   Just as in the fact that there are
differences in the sexes in people, there are differences in the sexes in dogs. However, even as the analogy is not perfectly harmonious between the
two species, the fact that is parallel is that most of the differences are only general. So having said that, generally speaking, females are more
scrappy, territorial, bond more with one person, and have to urinate more often. They generally enjoy long sessions of grooming more than males do.
Males are generally nicer looking, (Remember, we are talking animals here, not people! LOL!) bond with the whole family, live and let live type of
attitude and are more curious. In many instances they are easier to house train, and grooming makes them want to sleep! Some people are worried
about "humping" behaviors and marking in males. Neutering at the proper age as soon as your vet recommends it is the best answer. However, this
may not totally solve the "humping" problem. And I have also seen females displaying this trait!   A little known fact is that "Humping" is not even
sexual! It is a show of dominance just like the kiss of the kissing fish is a show of dominance and has nothing to do with affection! So, the best
recommendation for "humping" behavior is discipline! Start early to show the puppy that he or she is NOT boss! Help your kids to exert authority over
the puppy firmly, yet gently! This is very important! Also, enrol the puppy into puppy training classes at the earliest possible time. This is how we
have overcome this problem in our own pets. If you are looking to purchase two pets it is generally recommended that you would purchase two males
or a male and a female as opposed to two females. But then again many females get along just fine with other females, and some males can be
antagonistic with other males even if he is neutered.

A word on size.
AKC has many different terms that they use officially for the size of various breeds. Most breeds do not have size groups, but of the breeds that do,
AKC uses the terms TOY, MINI, STANDARD and GIANT. These categories can give someone a handle on the size that they can expect the puppy to
grow to.
Many breeders have taken this a step further and have coined such size terms as micro teacup, teacup, tiny, and royal as well as the AKC's terms of
toy, mini, standard and giant. The typical consensus of most breeders is that teacup is the smallest that a breed can be. However, many toy
breeders have a more constrictive definition of teacup as any dog that will mature to under 4 lbs. and 8 in. tall. I have seen the term teacup applied
to breeds such as cocker spaniels and mini schnauzers (just to name a couple) which would not mature to the toy "standard" of teacup. Micro teacup
is one step down from teacup and generally refers to an extreme teacup which general standard consensus would place it at under 3 lbs. and 7
inches at maturity. Tiny is generally said to be under 6 lbs. and 9 inches. AKC says toy is under 10 1/2 in. and most people would agree that a toy
should mature to under 10 1/2 lbs. AKC's standard form mini is generally under 14 in. and standard is at about 25 in. Giant would be the next
largest, and her again many breeders use the term Royal for a dog that will mature larger than the giant size. This is just a general synopsis of
terms, and is not to be quoted. I just want to be able to help the general public to understand the size terms that are being thrown around and many
times totally misunderstood or totally confused and missused! I have had several people tell me they want a mini poodle that will be no larger than 5
lbs. This is so frustrating to me! What they are wanting is a toy poodle, but are for some reason confused as to the correct terms for the size of
poodle they are looking for.

A word on dog registries
There are many registries with which dog breeders can register their puppies. Of course the foremost registry in the USA is the AKC. The AKC is a
pure breed dog registry. The AKC will not register puppies if the parents of the puppies are not registered in full with the AKC even if the puppies
are pure bred. AKC also requires DNA's to be done on all sires that are frequently used. This is to help to insure that bloodlines stay pure.   There
are many other registries, some well known, and some not so well known, and some being developed by someone who feels like starting a registry
just about any day of the week!!! Most other registries will register an AKC dog with them, so that the dog can be double registered.   Also, many of
the registries will also register mixed breeds if the paperwork is in order! The better known registries are CKC, APRI, ACA, UKC, only to name a
few. There are also single dog breed registries both for pure breeds and mixed breeds. There are also registries that have to do with dog
obedience, hunting, and the like. Most registries require some type of a pedigree. A pedigree is basically just a dog's family tree.

What about allergies?
I am very familiar with the problem of allergies. Most of my family suffer from them moderately to very severely. My parents have never been able
to have a dog in the house, not only from being allergic to dogs, but the dust and other allergens that they bring in with them!
There are some breeds of dogs that are much better than others for allergy sufferers, but don't think for one moment that a particular breed will
never cause an allergic reaction! Some people are allergic to all breeds of dogs. It is best to have your allergies tested by a specialist before you
adopt a dog if there is any question in your mind about your allergic response to a dog.

If you have been tested for allergies and were cautioned to choose a hypoallergenic breed. And you have studied the breeds, and have found a
breed of dog that you feel would be a perfect fit for you. There are many things that you can do to reduce allergens at the source.
1. Keep your dog in top condition by feeding a high quality food and supplementing with herbs and vitamins.
2 Keep your dog clean. There are many dog shampoos that can be used frequently, but be cautious about highly scented applications as these
sometimes can produce an allergic reaction to either the dog, or yourself!
3. Keep yourself in top condition by eating right, exercising and supplementing with herbs and vitamins.

I know that there are sources that recommend visiting the dog or puppy that your are interested in several times before purchase to ensure that you
are not going to have an allergic reaction to the dog. However, in my experience this has not been reliable at all. Sometimes there are allergens in
the home, or yard that you are reacting too, and many times the allergic responses to the dog may only come with prolonged exposure. Allergic
responses are worse in the evening hours when you are more tired, than they are in the morning, or mid afternoon when you are refreshed. I hope
this has helped. I do not have all the answers. Sometimes there are no answers when it comes to allergies, and one must decide to live without a
doggie companion for their own health, or the health of a loved one..

Pure bred or mixed?
There has been a lot of discussion about the merits of puppies that are a mix of two different pure bred dog breeds. I am of the oppinion that there
are many advantages to the mixing of two established breeds, and indeed, even science shows that a mix can be healthier than that of a pure bred
puppy. Even though a mixed breed puppy can have health issues, he is much less likely to because of having a larger gene pool. Many times
when you mix two breeds you will come up with a miriad of results. If it is a good, well thought out, tried and true mix as in the cockapoo, the puppies
are usually all desirable in looks, and personality. Of corse there is always in any outcross breeding, whether within the breed, such as unrelated
poodle to unrelated poodle, or as in a mix as in poodle to cocker, a chance for a genetic hiccup sometimes refered to as 'throw back.' This is more
likely in the second generation known as an F2. In breedings such as the F1B, the mix is bred back to one of the parent breeds. (Make sure the
breeder does not inbreed back to one of the actual parents!) An F1B breeding such as cockapoo to poodle produces an awesome litter in which
the puppies are non-shedding and very intelligent! As long as the breeder knows what he or she is doing, and uses quality dogs, a mixed breed
litter is an excellent choice for a companion dog.    When breeding any two dogs, there must be a desired goal. The resulting litter of puppies may
be perfect for pets and or future breeding dogs.   Within every litter there are puppies that are better one way or another way. Not every puppy,
just because the parents were a certain way, is a good prospect for breeding further!      This is a mistake that too many breeders have made which
ends up effecting a particular breed, or mix breed negatively. If a particular breeder has a goal which goes beyond the desired effect of a certain
breed, or established mix, that breeder should not be passing on puppies from his or her breedings as good breeding prospects unless they know
that their goals are compatable with the new breeders' prospect. This is why I think that it is important to belong to a registry whether it is for pure
bred dogs or an established mix. Mixed breed dogs that there are no registry for, are great for pets as long as the breeder has done his or her
homework. However, with out a registry devoted to that particular mix, they really do not have a long lasting future to impact generations down the
line. If there is a goal for these mixes such as a decrease in shedding, increase in vigor, reduction of size, and or reduction of the chance of certain
health issues that are an increased risk in a particular breed, when this is put forth, the potential pet owner can make an informed decision, and in
turn is rewarded with an excellent and desirable pet.

Heterosis Effect:
Purebred dogs are also for the most part inbred to some extent even when the pedigree show all out crosses. Thus they are known to carry a
higher percentage of genetic disease or weakness than their ‘mutt’ counterparts. Heterosis is a theory, where the phenomenon of crossing two
inbred lines can produce descendants with superior genetic foundation.   Indeed this theory is proven time and again in the case of cockapoo,
yorkie poos, and even in the lesser known dorkie mix.   Heterosis is also produced by over dominance, ie. Better combined function of two diverse
genes (alleles) on a gene site (locus), compared to two identical (but harmless) ones. This increased health and vigor does not necessarily
produce a superior breed to the occlusion of the parent breeds, but the advantages obtained from the union is undeniable hybrid vigor.
Sometimes the goal is to produce a new breed, as we have seen over history in many of the now established AKC breeds, and sometimes it is just
to produce a strong and loving, beloved pet.
The heterosis effect result in a healthier, more vigorous dog with a reduced chance of genetic disease or weakness. It raises the chances of
having less genetic disease because all doubling of detrimental effects will stop in the first generation. So that a mix can have stronger
descendants than an inbred or pure bred dog.   Heterosis is further strengthened through f1b breedings when the pure bred parent is out crossed
to the hybrid parent.

Attention! Never leave a puppy or dog with a baby or child alone unsupervised!

Bergamot the F1
cockapoo,
waiting beside
her puppy pac
for her new
momma to come
pick her up.
Good puppy!